What we've learned about sub-surface irrigation, moisture control and root zones. Some of it comes from independent research, the rest from the installations themselves. Written for the people who specify, build and maintain these surfaces.
Sand moisture, bunker drainage and root zone construction, with the water figures behind each.

Arena footing under sub-surface moisture control: watering system comparisons and what riders feel.

Natural grass under match load: wear recovery, player safety evidence and the sourced turf debate.

Grass as urban infrastructure: stormwater capture, surface heat and green space under drought rules.

Moisture physics, Capillary Material, carbon analysis and the Michigan State turfgrass study.
